A standard water treatment plant can be divided into 4 to 5 treatment processes :
1. Coagulation
Usually chemical coagulation, where a coagulant is added to water that promotes the clumping of fine floc into larger floc so that they can be more easily separated from the water.
2. Sedimentation
Post coagulation water is transferred to settlement tanks where its kept for few hours upto a day to allow all the suspended matter to settle at the bottom
3. Filtration
Post sedimentation the water is decanted and passed through a filter for example rapid gravity sand filter that further takes care of any other impurities not settled during sedimentation.
4. Disinfection
Post filtration the water is disinfected to kill any bacteria or viruses in the water. For Example to make it safe for human consumption.
5. Further treatment
This is process specific. Any further treatment as required by end use.